Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery

ReconstructivePelvic Surgery

What Husbands Need to Know About Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery.

Reconstructivepelvic surgery is an area of surgery dealing with a woman's pelvis, and includesgynecology and uro-gynecology. Pelvic reconstructive surgery is many timesvery complex surgery that may require not just the removal of certain organs or tissuesin a woman's pelvis, but may also include the resection of areas and putting herorgans and tissues back together in a way that makes her more functional, withless/no pain and feels better.

Whatis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

Pelvic inflammatorydisease, or "PID" is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs whichinclude the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.

Bacteria causes pelvic inflammatorydisease. Bacteria can move upward, from a woman's vagina or cervix - which isthe opening to the uterus, or womb - into her fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus,which then cause an infection. Many types of bacteria can cause pelvic inflammatorydisease. But bacteria found in two common sexually transmitted diseases - chlamydiaand gonorrhea - are the most frequent causes of pelvic inflammatory disease.

After a woman becomes infected, it can take from a few days to a few months to developpelvic inflammatory disease.

The major symptoms ofpelvic inflammatory disease are lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge.

Other symptomsof pelvic inflammatory disease may include one or more of the following; fever, pain in the right upper abdomen,pain during vaginal intercourse, and irregular menstrual bleeding.

Pelvic inflammatorydisease, particularly when caused by chlamydia, may produce only minor symptoms or no symptoms at all, even though it can seriously damage the reproductive organs.

Untreated,pelvic inflammatory disease causes scarring and can lead to infertility, tubal pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and other serious problems.

Pelvic inflammatory disease is more common and more aggressive in HIV+ women than in uninfected women.Pelvic inflammatory disease may become a chronic and relapsing condition as a woman's immune system deteriorates.

Women can play an active role in protecting themselves from pelvic inflammatorydisease by following these steps and precautions:

* Call your doctor if you have discharge with odor or bleeding between cycles.
* Use either male or female condoms during sex.

What is Pelvic FloorDysfunction?

Pelvic floor dysfunction, which is also referred to as outlet obstruction or outletdelay, refers to a condition in which the pelvic floor muscles of a woman's lower pelvis- that surround the rectum, do not function normally. It is not known why these muscles fail to work properly in somewomen, but they can make the passage of stools difficult even when everything elseseemingly is normal.

What Causes Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?

Women with pelvic floor dysfunction find that muscle pain occurs when muscles are tense, strained, traumatizedand/or otherwise inflamed. Their pelvic muscles are no exception. Causes of pelvic floor dysfunction can include:

* Chronic faulty posture with weak core musculature
* Trauma (fall on tailbone, old tailbone fracture, auto accident)
* Inflammation or infection
* Pelvic organ disease (endometriosis, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis)
* Repetitive motion injuries such as those from gymnastics, volleyball, soccer,ballet or ice
skating
* Abdominal muscle wall weakness or hernias
* Chronic constipation
* Pregnancy or complicated vaginal delivery
* Abdominal or pelvic surgery such as a hysterectomy

Do I have Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?

Women with pelvic floor dysfunction often have changes in their spine and/orpelvis. Symptoms or conditional might include; scoliosis, short leg, swayback ora "torsioned" sacrum. The most common symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunctioninclude one or more of the following:

* Vaginal pain
* Pain with urination
* Urinary urgency and frequency
* Rectal pain
* Pain during vaginal intercourse
* Pain with sitting, standing, walking
* Pain and/or difficulty getting up from a seated or lying down position
* Hip pain often with loss of range of motion in hips
* Deep pain in lower back radiating to legs, thighs, groin, hips
* Abdominal and lower abdominal/intestinal pain
* Pelvic pressure or a feeling like your vagina or uterus are"falling out."
* Involuntary loss of urine or stool

Whatare Pelvic Adhesions?

Pelvicadhesions are the cause of many gynecological problems including significantpain, infertility and conception. Pelvic adhesions are irritations of a woman'spelvic organs as a result of a "pelvic inflammatory event" or from traumato the area such as in the case of pelvic or gynecological surgery.

Examples of a pelvic inflammatory event include; fallopian tube infections thatmight occur from endometriosis, removal of an ovarian cyst, sexually transmitted diseasessuch as gonorrhea, post surgery infections, and even appendicitis andappendectomies.

As a woman's body's pelvic area recovers from an inflammation, trauma orsurgery, it begins the healing process and starts to repair itself. Thewoman's body and its' healing process may cause some tissues and structures in the pelvis to become unintentionally "stuck" to another tissue or structure. In a normalwoman's healthy pelvis, this space is lined with a tissue called the peritoneum, which also covers the outside of organs located in the abdomen and pelvis. Inthe pelvis of a non-injured/non-irritated woman, the peritoneum can be very"slippery" with the the organs and structures lying immediately next to each otherthat "slip" off each other and do not become bonded together. With awoman who has had a pelvic inflammation, trauma or injury, her body's healing processstarts a sequence of events that may result in some of the pelvic tissues becoming "stuck" toor "adhering" to tissues or organs next to the inflamed, or injuredtissue, and when this occurs, the outcome may be pelvic adhesions.

What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Pelvic Organ Prolapse is a very common condition, particularly among older women. It's estimated that half of women who have children will experience some form of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in later life. Many women, particularly because they may no longer be sexually active, and fail to continue receiving their annual pelvic exams, don't seek help from their doctor. Therefore, the actual number of women affected by Pelvic Organ Prolapse is unknown.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse may also be called; genital prolapse, pelvic relaxation,pelvic prolapse, uterine prolapse, uterovaginal prolapse, pelvic floor disorder, urogenital prolapse or vaginal wallprolapse.

Whatis Pelvic Prolapse?

Pelvic Prolapse is anotherterm used for "pelvic organ prolapse." Pelvic prolapse is a very common condition, particularly among older women. It's estimated that half of women who have children will experience some form of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in later life. Many women, particularly because they may no longer be sexually active, and fail to continue receiving their annual pelvic exams, don't seek help from their doctor. Therefore, the actual number of women affected by Pelvic Organ Prolapse is unknown.

Pelvic Prolapse may also be called; genital prolapse, pelvic relaxation, uterine prolapse, uterovaginal prolapse, pelvic floor disorder, urogenital prolapse or vaginal wallprolapse.

Whatis a Prolapsed Uterus?

A Prolapsed Uterus refers to a collapsed uterus, or descended uterus, or other change in the position of the uterus in relation to the surrounding structures within the pelvis. The pelvis contains many soft tissue structures vital to normal body functions, supported primarily by the diaphragms, layers of muscles, fibrous coverings called fasciae, and various ligaments and tendons. These soft tissues of the pelvis derive their ultimate support from the bony pelvis.

A Prolapsed Uterus may be one of three types, depending on the severity:

• First-degree prolapse occurs when the uterus sags downward into the upper
vagina.

• Second-degree prolapse occurs when the cervix is at or near the outside of the
vagina.

• Third-degree prolapse (sometimes referred to as total prolapse) occurs when the entire uterus extends outside the vagina.

Whatis a Vaginal Vault Prolapse?

The vaginal vault is the area at the top of the vagina, next to and adjacent to the cervix. It can only “fall” or descend downwards toward the introitus, or the entrance of the vagina, after a woman's womb has been removed (hysterectomy). Vaginal Vault Prolapse occurs in about 15% of women who have had a hysterectomy for uterine prolapse, and in about 1% of women who have had a hysterectomy for other reasons.

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